Cm¶WmharIk énvibtþineya)aykm<úCa )ancab;epþImeLIgtaMgBIeRkaykare)aHeqñatCaTUeTAkñúgqñaM1993 mkemø:H
eBalKWenAeBlEdlKNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa eRbIR)as;smasPaB neratþm cRkBgS ¬kUnrbs; semþc sIhnu¦
rYmCamYyKñanig sin Binesn CaGtIt³rdæmRnþIRksYgsnþisuxCatirbs;rbbsaFarN³rdæRbCamanitkm<úCa )an
Rbkaspþac;xøÜnbegáIttMbn;GbKmn_ RbqaMgminTTYlsÁal;lT§plkare)aHeqñatEdl)anerobcMedayGgÁkar
shRbCaCati . lT§plkare)aHeqñatd¾RtwmRtUvnakalenaH RbCaBlrdæExµr)ane)aHeqñatKaMRTKNbkS
h‘VúnsuinbuiccMnYn58 Gasn³ KNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCacMnYn51 Gasn³ KNbkSRbCaFibetyüesrIniymRBHBuT§
sasna cMnYn10 Gasn³ nig KNbkSm:UlINaka nigGñkts‘UExµrcMnYn1 Gasn³ .

lT§plénkare)aHeqñatmin)aneGayKNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa EdlFøab;RKb;RKgGMNacrdænigRKb;RKgRbCa
BlrdæelI80° énépÞRbeTskalBImunenaHTTYlyk)aneT . dUecñaH CaelsedIm,IminTTYlsÁal;nUvlT§pl
énkare)aHeqñat nigCaelsTat;ecallT§énkarseRmccitþrbs;BlrdænakalenaH KNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa
KWmanEtmeFüa)aymYyKt;enaHKW bBa¢aeGay neratþm cRkBgS nig sin Binesn RbkasbegáIttMbn;GbKmn_
bRmugeFVIrdæRbharminTTYlsÁal;kare)aHeqñat .

kñúgRBHzan³CaGñksRmbsRmYl ]tþmRkumRbwkSaCati Can;x<s;énkm<úCa nakalenaH semþc neratþm sIhnu
minRtwmEtmin)anbMeBjkatBVrbs;xøÜneT KWEfmTaMg)anbdiesFn_ecal minRBmshkarCamYyGgÁkarsh
RbCatinigGñktMNagGKÁelxaFikarGgÁkarshRbCaCati enAkm<úCaeTotpg . edayykelscg;eFVICaesþc
esayraCüsaCafµIenAkm<úCasemþc neratþm sIhnu ecaTRbkan;fa GgÁkarshRbCaCati manbMNgdak;GaNa
niKmn_elIRbeTskm<úCa ehIyeBlenaH)aneRbIGMNacxøÜnfaCaGñktMNagénRbCaBlrdæExµr beNþjGñktMNag
GgÁkarshRbCaCati eGayecjBIRbeTskm<úCanig)ansuMeGayGgÁkarshRbCaCati bBa©b;ebskmµkñúg
RbeTskm<úCa ehIyTamTarRbKl;siT§ieGayRBHGgÁCaGñkdwknaMseRmc . TegVIrbs; semþc neratþm sIhnu
naeBlenaHKWCaGñknaMemeraK nigCaGñkbegáItemeraKmharIkeGaykm<úCa . edayCab;cMNgCamYyRbeTsyYn
RkughaNUypg nigmhicätacg;eLIgesayraCüeFVICaesþc enAkm<úCasaCafµIpgenaH semþc neratþm sIhnu
minxøacnwgRbRBwtþGMeBIk,t;qnÞ³rbs;RbCara®sþExµr dUcEdlsemþc)ank,t;RbCaBlrdæExµrkalBIGtIt³kal
enaHeT .

karbeNþjGgÁkarshRbCaCati ecjBIRbeTskm<úCa rYcbegáItrUbmnþrdæaPi)almYymannaykrdæmRnþIBIr nig
RksYgmYymanrdæmRnþIBIr vaKWCarUbmnþd¾cEmøknigKYreGayGs;sMeNIcbMputkñúgRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCa . vahak;
dUcCabgðajfa semþc neratþm sIhnu GacmanviFIsaRsþerobcMeGaystVBs;Edlmank,alBIrb®Ba©asKña
Gacrs;enACamYyKña)an . EtkarBitminfamnusS b¤stVtiricäaneT kalNaebImank,alBIr KWBitCamingay
sRmbsRmYlrs;enACamYyKñaeLIy . y:agNamijrUbmnþd¾cEmøkenHKW RKan;Et)anbgðajGnþrCatimYyry³
eBlxøI edIm,IykelseLIgesayraCüeFVICaesþcvij rbs;semþc neratþm sIhnu Etb:ueNÑaH Et semþc neratþm
sIhnu minxVl;xVayGMBIemeraKmharIk EdlvanwgrIkraldalehIysuIkMeTcsarBagÁkayrbs;ExµrenaHeT .

rdæRbhareyaFaExkkáda qñaM1997 CasBaØabgðajfa emeraKmharIKenH)ancab;epþImRbtikmµ edIm,IsuIkMeTc
RbB½n§karBarrbs;Exµr .

karseRmccitþeRbIkmøaMgeyaFab®gáabelIRkum)atukrCaRbCaBlrdæsuIvilenAkñúgExkBaØa qñaM1998 KWCasBaØa
bgðajfa emeraKmharIkenH)ancab;epþImBIdMNak;kalsuIkMeTceRKÓgkñúg mkdMNak;kalsuIkMeTceRKagq¥wg .

taMgBIeRkayExkBaØa qñaM1998 mkTl;bc©úb,nñ emeraKmharIkenH)ankMBugEtbnþsuIkMeTceRKagq¥wg nigsrés
sMxan;²rbs;Exµr.

GVIEdlExµrenAesssl;naeBlenH ehIyEdlCm¶WmharIkenH minTan;suIkMeTc)anTaMgRsugenaHKW xYrk,al
ebHdUg eføIm sYt nigRklan . xYrk,alrbs;ExµrenAmanlT§PaBGacBüa)al)an ebHdUgExµrenAs¥atenAeLIy
eføIm sYt nigRklan rbs;ExµrenAGaceRbIkar)anenAeLIy dUecñaHGVIEdlsMxan;KWenAelIkartaMgcitþrbs;Exµrfa
etIExµrseRmccitþnigeFVIkarvHkat;Cm¶WmharIkenHecjEdr b¤mYyy:agNa ?

dUecñaHkarseRmcTTYlsÁal;fa vibtþineya)ayExµr CaCm¶WmharIk b¤Gt;vaCasiT§irbs;GñkCm¶WExµr ehIyRbsin
ebIExµrRBmTTYlfa vibtþineya)ayExµr CaCm¶WmharIkehIyenaH vak¾enAEtCasiT§irbs;Exµr EdlseRmccitþfa
etIRBmeFVIkarvHkat;b¤Gt; ?

RkumBYkGñkneya)ayExµr EdlCaGñkbegáItCm¶WmharIkenH BYkeKminEdlTTYlsÁal;fa vibtþineya)ayExµr
KWCaCm¶WmharIkeT . EteKEbrCabgVilkarBitenHeGay eTACakarminBit ehIyeFVIRbCaPifutiR)ab;RbCaBl
rdæfa vibtþineya)ayExµr CaCm¶W kmrmas; b¤CaCm¶wesIrEs,keTAvij .

kare)aHeqñatb®gÁb;kic©enAkm<úCa minEmnCakarvHkat;vibtþineya)ayExµreT eRBaHkare)aHeqñatRKan;EtCa
karcak;fñaMeR)aseGayGñkCm¶WExµrmansgÇwm EtminGacecjedIrq¶ayBImnÞIreBTü)an .

manEtGMNacBlrdæExµreT eTIbCakarvHkat;BitR)akdEdlGacvHkat; nigBüa)al vibtþineya)ayenAkm<úCa .
karvHkat;edayeRbIGMNacBlrdæ seRmceCaKvasnaCati edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrrbbneya)ayExµr nigpøas;bþÚrGñkdwknaM
Exµr KWCaCMh‘anEdlExµrRtUvseRmccitþeGayTan;eBlevla edIm,IksageRKagq¥wgrbs;ExµreLIgvij nigcak;v:ak;
saMgbegáInRbB½n§karBar kñúgsarBagÁkayrbs;Exµr . enAeBlEdlExµrRKb;KñaseRmccitþeFVIkarvHkat;Cm¶WmharIk
énvibtþineya)ayenHrYcehIy Cm¶WesIrEs,k nigCm¶W»kasniymepSgeTotminBi)akkñúgkarBüa)aleT .

ebIExµrminRBmeRbIGMNacBlrdæ edIm,IvHkat;vibtþineya)ayd¾F¶n;F¶rnaeBlenHeT ehIyenAEtTTYlykrbb
neya)aydEdl nigemdwknaMdEdlnaeBlbc©úb,nñenH KWExµrminGacBüa)alCm¶WesIrEs,k b¤Cm¶W»kasniym
epSgeTotdUcCa GMeBIBukrlYy karrMelaPsiT§iBlrdæ karrwbGUsykdIFøI karbMpøajFnFanFmµCati nigkarlk;
sm,tþiCatiRBmTaMgGMeBIk,t;Catilk;TwkdI)aneT . ebIrbbneya)ayral;éf¶enAEtRKb;RKgExµr nigGñkneya
)ayral;éf¶enAEtdwknaMExµr enaHCm¶WmharIk énvibtþineya)ayExµrnigsuIkMeTcxYrk,alExµr kMeTcebHdUgExµr
kMeTceføIm kMeTcsYt nigkMeTcRklan énsarBagÁrbs;Exµr ehIyExµrnwgsøab;naeBlGnaKtd¾xøIxagmuxenH
ehIyeBlenaHvasnaExµrkNþalnwgminxusBIExµrkm<úCaeRkam km<úCaelI ¬surinÞ¦ nigRbeTscm,:aeLIy .

dUecñaHExµrRtÚvEtseRmccitþ nigh‘anvHkat;vibtþineya)ayExµr edayeRbIGMNacBlrdæExµr edIm,Ise®gÁaHExµr
nigedIm,ICIvitExµr .¼