GñkdwknaMExµr EdlmanRbPBecjmkBIRkumesþcniymskþiPUmi nigRkumkumµúynIsþniymGMNacpþac;karKwBYkeK
minEdlmancitþTUlaycg;elIktMekIgnUvrbbeTBekaslünigsmtßPaBniymenaHeT . BYkTaMgBIrRkumenH KWGPirkS
dac;xatnUvrbbRKb;RKgtamEbbBUCsNþanniym nigRKYsarniym . dUcenHneya)ayRbCaPifutimYy EdleK
)anbnøac nigbgçMeGayRbCaBlrdæExµrxøacBaküneya)ay minh‘anRbLÚkeFVIneya)ay nigcUlrYmskmµkñúg
CIvPaBneya)ay KWeKmanbMNgTukkic©karneya)aysRmab;EtsmaCikRkumRKYsar nigBaØatisNþanrbs;
BYkeKEtb:ueNÑaH . cMNucenHbgðajeGayeXIjfa skþiPUminiym nigkumµúynIsþniym KWBYkEdlTTYlnUvlT§i
neya)ayEtmYyEdlKµanRkumNamYyh‘anpþl;GMNacBitR)akdeGayRbCaBlrdæenaHeT .

enAkñúgRbeTsExµrtaMgBIeRkaysm½y)araMgrhUtmkdl;munéf¶TI 18 mina 1970GMNacTaMgGs;kñúgRbeTs
KWCaGMNacrbs;esþc nigRkumBaØatþivgS . esþc nigsmaCikBaØatþivgS Edlrs;enAkñúgraCvaMg KWCaGñkkan;kab;
GMNac CaGñkbegáItc,ab; nigk¾CaGñkrMlayc,ab; tamEtcitþnwkeXIjpgEdr . esþc nigsmaCikraCvgS én
RkumskþiPUminiym KwCaGñtMNageGayc,ab; tMNageGayGMNac nigtMNageGayyutþiFm’ ebIeTaHbICaBYkenH
CaRkum]RkidæCn CaRkumecarbøn; b¤RkummnusSGn§BalcUlcitþcab;rMelaPkUnRkmuMGñkRsukkþI k¾BYkenHKµaneTas
éBr_GVIEdr .

dUcKñaEdrtaMgBIreRkaydYlrlMrbbsaFarNrdæExµrnaéf¶TI17 emsa qñaM1975mkdl;bc©úb,nñenH rbbdwknaM
kumµúynIsþpþac;kar EdlelIkbnþúbedayyYnnigcin ehIyEdlkMBugEtdwknaMedayRkumcRmuH skþiPUminiym nig
kumµúynIsþniym naeBlenHk¾GMNacdwknaMrdæsßitenAEtkñúgédénRkummnusSmYyRkumtUcdUcKña .

BYkskþiPUminiymnigBYkkumµúynIsþniym)anshkarKñay:agCitsñit bøn;GMNacBIRbCaBlrdæ ehIydak;RbCaBlrdæ
eGayrs;enAq¶ayBIsgÁmGñkneya)ay edayyk»kasenHRbRBwtþiGMeBIk,t;Cati niglk;CatitamEtGMeBIrcitþ .
karEdlBYkGñkdwknaMExµrCMnan;munBüayameFVIkarbnøacRbCaBlrdæeGayxøac minh‘ancUlrYmkñúgCIvPaBsgÁmén
neya)aydwknaMrdæ enaHk¾eRBaHEtBYkemdwknaMEdlmanRbPBecjmkBIBYkesþcniymskþiPUmi nigBYkkumµúynIsþ
niym xøacGMNacrbs;RbCaBlrdæ . BIeRBaHfa RbsinebImanRbCaBlrdæcUlrYmkñúgCIvPaBneya)aydwknaMrdæ
kan;EteRcInenaH RbCaBlrdænwg)anyl;dwgkan;EteRcInGMBIsiT§i nigGMNacCaBlrdæm©as;RbeTs . dUecñHehIy
)anCaBYkGñkdwknaMskþiPUminiym nigBYkGñkdwknaMkumµúynIsþniymBüayamCIkreNþAkb;nUvsiT§iGMNacrbs;RbCa
Blrdæ mineGaycUlrYmkñúgCIvPaBneya)ay mineGaydwgB¤BIB½t’manneya)ay nigmineGayman»kaseFVICa
Gñkneya)ay .

EteTaHy:agNak¾eday RbCaBlrdæExµr nigCaBiessyuvCnExµrCMnan;fµIRtUvcaMfa RbeTsCatirbs;eyIg KWCa
RTBüsm,tþirYmrbs;eyIgCaExµrTaMgGs;Kña RbeTsrbs;eyIgminEmnCakmµsiT§pþac;muxrbs;RkumRKYsarBaØatþivgS
esþc ehIyk¾minEmnCakmµsiT§rbs;BYkGñkkan;GMNacnaeBlbc©úb,nñenHEdr . eyIgCaBlrdæ eyIgCayuvCn Kw
CaekasikaénsgÁm nigCaGñkEdlRtUvTTYl)anplBIsgÁm dUcenHkarcUlrYmrbs;eyIgRKb;KñaenAkñúgCIvPaB
neya)ay nigenAkñúgskmµPaBneya)ay KWCaParkic© CakatBVkic© nigk¾CakrNIkic© EdleyIgRKbKñaRtUveFVI .
neya)ayKWCasil,HénCIvit RbsinebIneya)ayedIrxuseFVI eGayCIvitsøab; ehIyebIneya)ayedIrRtUvKweFVI
eGayCIvitrugerOg . edaysarneya)ayman\T§iBlcMeBaHCIviteyIgRKb;KñaEbbenH etIehtuGIeyIgmunGaccUl
rYmkñúgCIviPaBneya)ayedIm,IkarBarCIvitrbs;eyIg ? mü:agvijeTotcrikénGñkneya)ayExµrEdleFVIkic©kar
dwknaMrdæ minRbkbedaykarTTYlxusRtUvEbbenH etIeyIgKYrEtrBwgnigpþl;kareCOCak;elIRkummnusSEbbenH
eToteT ?

TMnak;TMngEdlminGackat;)anrvagneya)ay nigCIvitrbs;Blrdæ k¾eRBaHEtneya)ayKWCasil,HedIm,IEkécñ
CIvitenHehIy . k¾b:uEnþBYkGñkneya)ayExµrrab;CMnan;mkehIyEdle)akR)as;Exµr ehIyykneya)aymk
smøab;Exµr nigeRbIGMNacénneya)ayedIm,IRbRBwtþiGMeBIrBukrlYy lk;Cati bMpøajCati nigTTYlykesckþI
suxsRmab;EtRkumRKYsarnigbkSBYkrbs;xøÜn . BYkesþcskþiPUminiymsb,aynwg)anGMNacBIneya)ay ehIy
edIrRbmUlkUnRkmuMGñkRsukmkeFVICaTasIkMdrtNðatamkarnwkeXIjcg;)an ehIyRbRBwtþEl,gBalaGav:aEs pwk
suIraMeRcóg esBkamBasNaBasNIenAkñúgvaMg . cMENkBYkkumµúynIsþniym sb,aynwgykGMNacneya)ay
edIe)akR)as;eFVIRbCaPifutikuhk;RbCaBlrdæ nigeRbIGMNacKMramedIm,Iqk;bøn;RTBüsm,tþidIFøIrbs;RbCaBlrdæ
ykeTAlk;eGayQµÜjTuc©rit .

TaMgBYkesþcskþiPUminiym nigTaMgBYkemdwknaMkumµúynIsþniym KWsuT§Et)anrs;enARsYl suIq¶aj; nigman
luycayedaysarRbCaBlrdæ k¾b:uEnþBYkeKeRbIR)as;nUvGMNac Edl)anmkBIdMENgneya)ay eTAeFVI)ab
RbCaBlrdæeTAvij .

cMNucenH etIRbCaBlrdæExµrnasm½yenH nigyuvCnExµrCMnan;fµI RtUUvbeNþayeGayBYkeKnigRkumRKYsarrbs;BYk
eQøIgsgÁmenHmanGMNacrhUt b¤y:agNa ?

karcUlRbLÚkkñúgCIvPaBneya)ayrbs;RbCaBlrdæ KWmansar³sMxan;Nas;edIm,IdeNþIykmkvijnUvsiT§i nig
GMNac rbs;eyIgCaBlrdæ . karkMcat;ecal nigpþÜlrMlMRKwHénrbbRKYsarniym BUCsNþanniym nigbkSBYk
niym KWCaebskmµrbs;ExµrGñkCMnan;fµI . RbsinebIExµrGñkCMnan;fµIminh‘anKas;rMelIgRKwHénrbbskþiPUminiym
nigrbbkumµúynIsþniym EdlmancrwkCarbbBUCsNþanRKYsarniymecaleT enaHvasnaCatirbs;eyIg nwg
liclg; ehIyRbCaBlrdærbs;eyIgenAEtRtUveKrMelaPeFVI)ab nigsmøab; Kµanéf¶RsakRsaneLIy .

dUecñHRbCaBlrdæExµr nigyuvCnExµrGñkCMnan;fµI minRtUvbnþcaj;e)akBYkskþiPUminiym nigBYkkumµúynIsþniym
eToteT . pÞúyeTAvijTaMgGs;KñaRtUvEtseRmccitþedaymuHmut nigbgðajPaBkøahanh‘ancUlrYmkñúgCIviPaB
neya)aysgÁm RbkYtRbECgyktMENgneya)ay edIm,ITamTasiT§i nigykGMNacrbs;eyIgmkvij . kal
NaGMNacrbs;BlrdæenAkñúgédrbs;eyIgCaBlrdæ enaHeTIbeyIgTaMgGs;KñakøayeTACam©as;énRbeTsBit
R)akd EtRbsinebIGMNarbs;eyIgCaBlrdæ RtUv)anBYkskþiPUminiym nigBYkkumµúynIsþniymbøn;ykeTA)at;
ehIyenaH eyIgminEmnCaBlrdæm©as;RbeTseT EtBYkeKcat;TukeyIgRKan;EtCaTaskrsgÁmEtb:ueNÑaH .

edaysarCIviteyIgCaBlrdæ CaGñkTTYlplBIrbbneya)ay dUecñHTaMgGs;KñaminRtUveKcevs b¤xøacneya
)ayeToteT EtRtUvcUlrYmskmµkñúgCIvPaBneya)ayedIm,ICIviteyIgrs; .¼