taMgBIéf¶TI15 Exmifuna qñaM2008mk RbCaBlrdæExµrTUeTA)anyl;RcLMRKb;Kñafa {RbeTskm<úCamanTMnas;
CamYyRbeTsesom}. enHRKan;EtCasMbkénbBaða k¾b:uEnþvaminEmnCasac;énbBaðaeT. neya)ayKWCaCMerA
EdltRmUveGayRKb;KñasÁal;BIrsCatibBaða nigsÁal;BIsarCatiénGñkbegáItbBaða .

RKb;KñasuT§Etdwgfa rdæaPi)alnigRkúmemdwknaMRkúgPñMeBj KWCaRkúmmnusSGay:gEdlRkúghaNUy)anelIk
bnþúbeGaykan;GMNacenAkñúgqñaM1979 ehIyEdl)anRtÚvRbCaBlrdæExµreRbIGMNacBlrdæe)aHeqñatTmøak;
enAéf¶TI23-25 Exmifuna qñaM1993 . karcaj;eqñatd¾Gam:as;rbs;RkúmKNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa EdlxøÜnCa
GñkRKb;RKgGMNac80°elIépÞdI nigRbCaBlrdæ KWminGaceFVIeGayecAhVayrbs;BYkeKenARkúghaNUys¶b;
citþ)aneLIy . emdwknaMRkúghaNUy)anKUsvasnUvEpnkarvaTIrbs;BYkeKenAelIEpnTIPUmisaRsþd¾c,as;las;
mYyKWfa cat;TukRkúghaNUyKwCak,alnaK cat;TukeyokNamkNþal ¬GtIt³RbeTscm,:a¦ KWCadgxøÜnnaK
cat;Tukkm<úCaeRkamnigkm<úCakNþalKWCaknÞúynaK nigRBmTaMgcat;TukRbeTslavCak,aleBaH b¤CaEs,k
eBaHnaK ¬sUmemIlEpnTIRbeTsTaMgbI yYn Exµr niglav rYcBicarNa¦.

naK\NÐÚcinEdlmank,alenAhaNUy KWCastVciBa©wmEdlRbeTsrusSI GtIt³RbeTsshPaBsUevotxitxM
bMb:nedIm,IBRgIk\T§iBlkuMmuynIs m:ak elnIn BIGWr:ub mkGasuI . kñúgTsSvtSqñaM70énstvtSTI20 GtIt³
RbFanaFibtIrbs;Gaemrik nicsun )anGnuvtþneya)ayekþAedaykareFVIs®gÁamkMeTck,alnaKenAhaNUy
edIm,ITb;sáat;karrIkFMFat;énstVnaKkumµúynIsþmYyenH .

yuT§saRsþs®gÁamrbs;GaemrikKWTb;sgát;knÞúynaKeGayCab;ehIyvaykMeTck,alnaKeGay)an . braC½y
éneKalneya)ayrbs; nicsun kñúgs®gÁam\NÐÚcinKWeRBaHEtGaemrikaMg min)ansikSasÁal;yYneGay)an
c,as;las; . karRc)ac;cUlBYkyYnxagt,ÚgEdlGaemrikkaMgcat;TukfaCayYnesrI eGayenAkñúgkBa©b;EtmYy
CamYynigExµrGñksaFarNrdæCatiniym KWCakarykTwkmkdak;layCamYynigeRbg . tamBitBYkyYnxageCIg
yYnxagt,Úg TaMgBIRkúmenHKWCastVqµaexµAnigqµas EdleKEtgcat;faExµr KWCastVkNþúl CayUryaNas;mk
ehIy . dUecñaHkarykqµasmYyk,almkdak;kñúgRTúgCamYynigstVkNþúl vaKWCaeRKaHfñak;y:agxøaMgrbs;stV
kNþúl eRBaHfaqµasmYyk,alenHebIeTaHCamancMNIbMb:nBIGaemrikaMgk¾enAEtRsk;Twkmat;cg;suIsac;stV
kNþúldEdl . mYyeTotRbkarEdlRbFanaFibtI nicsun RbkasCasaFarN³fa «eKalneya)ayrbs;
nicsun KWkarBarkm<úCa eRBaHyYnQøanBankm<úCa» enHrwtEteFVIeGayqµayYnesrI minsb,aycitþkan;EtxøaMg .
dUecñaHeTIb)anCaRbnaFibtIyYnxagt,ÚgesñIeGayGaemrikbBaÄb;yuT§nakarTmøak;RKab;EbkkMeTcyYnxageCIg EdleBlenaHKWGaemrikaMg)ankMeTcextþyYnxageCIgGs;eTAehIy² enAsl;EtextþyYnmYycugeRkayb:ueNÑaH.

eKalneya)ayfµIrbs;GtIt³RbFaFibtI r:UNal; ruWEhÁn Gnuvtþs®gÁamRtCak;vaykMeTcGñkbMb:ncMNInaK KWCa
yuT§saRsþfµI EdlTTYl)aneCaKC½ysRmab;BiPBelak nigCaBiessKWsRmab;km<úCa . eBlEdlRbeTssh
PaBsUevot dYlrlMeBlenaHBYkyYnEdltaMgxøÜnCanaKkumµúynIsþ ElgmanGñkbMb:ncMNIeTotehIy dUecñaHehIy
eTIbyYnbBa¢aeGayGay:grbs;xøÜnenAPñMeBj ebIkkarcrcaCamYyPaKICMelaHéns®gÁam . enHKWCayuT§saRsþ
naKcUlrn§snSMkmøaMg eBalKWminEmnmann½yfa RbeTsyYne)aHbg;ecalkarQøanBan rbs;xøÜnmkelIRbeTs
ExµreT . karERbkøayrUbPaBGaNaniKmcMhr mkCaGaNaniKmRsemalCayuT§saRsþEdlRbeTsCb:unman
bMNgerobcMRKb;RKgRbeTscinkalBIsm½ys®gÁamelakelIkTI2 Etmin)anseRmc . EtyuT§saRsþenH
RbeTsyYn)anykmkeRbIsaCafµIedIm,IRKb;RKgkm<úCa taMgBIeRkaykare)aHeqñatnaqñaM1993rhUtmkdl;
bc©úb,nñ .

\LÚvenHyYnykRbeTsExµr)anehIy² yYnk¾ykRbeTslav )andUcKñaEdr . naykrdæmRnþIyYn KWCanayk
rdæmRnþIbIRbeTs . RbFanaFibtIyYn KWCaembkSbIRbeTsehIyRbCaBlrdæyYnTTYl)anfan³CaCnCatiEdl
mansBa¢atibI mann½yfaqµayYnKWCaqµasm,úrbI EdlGaccab;cMNIkñúgRbeTsTaMgbIenA\NÐÚcin .

b:uEnþkarRKb;RKgkm<úCakNþal nigkarRKb;RKgRbeTslav enAeRkamGMNacénneya)ayGaNaniKmRsemal
minGaceFVIeGaysubinþyYnEdlcg;ERbkøayxøÜneTACanaKkumµúynIsþ enAGasuI)anseRmceT eBalKW)anRtwmEt
CanaKRsemalEtb:ueNÑaH. eRBaHfa enAkm<úCa enAmanGñkesñhaCati nigGñkRbCaFibetyüCatiniym cg;
rMedaHykRbeTsExµrmkvij nigenARbeTslav manclnalavGñkCatiniym RBmTaMgclnacMruHCatisasn_
lavhµúg EdlR)afñab:unb:gvaykMeTcyYnRKb;eBl .

dUecñaHneya)ayfµIrbs;yYn KWfayYnRtÚvkarGñkbMb:ncMNI dUcEdlRbeTsGtIt³shPaBsUevotFøab;)anbMb:n
xøÜnkalBImunsm½ys®gÁamRtCak; . karsmøwgeXIjfµIenHKWyYnRtÚvkareGayRbeTscinedIrtYnaTICaGñkbMb:n
cMNIeGayxøÜn . cin EdlFøab;manTMnas;CamYyyYnkalBIGtIt³kal KWBitCaminGacnwgRBmbMb:ncMNIeGay
kUnnaKmYyk,alEdlFøab;ciBa©wmedayGñkepSg ehIyFøab;xaMxøÜnenaHeT . EtedIm,I\T§iBl GMNacrbs;cinenA
kñúgtMbn; cinBitCaRtÚvkarciBa©wmstVkacmYycMnYn edIm,ITukbeg¥IlGñkd¾éT .

neya)aysRgÁamRtCak;rbs; r:UNal; ruWEhÁn )aneCaKC½yy:agsem,Imeday)anrMedaHRbeTsGWr:ubxagekItCa
eRcIneGaymanesrIPaB nigTTYl)anÉkraCü b:uEnþebIeyIgRkeLkmkemIlneya)ayGaemrik kñúgtMbn;GasuIvij
minRtwmEtminGacrMedaHRbCaCatiGasuIeGaymanesrIPaBeT EtEbrCacMNgkumµynIsþkan;EtrwttwgeLIg²eTA
vij.

karpøas;bþÚrrbbneya)ay kñúgRbeTsen)a:l; eRkam\T§iBlrbs;cinkumµúynIsþ nigkarRbkasKaMRTrbs;RbeTs
cincMeBaHclnakumµúynIsþenAkñúgRbeTsPUmaehIynigkarbegáIn\T§iBlneya)ayrbs;cincUlkñúgEpÞkñúgneya
)ayrbs;RbeTsesom tamry³RkúmGñkKaMRTnigrdæaPi)alrbs;GtIt³naykrdæmRnþI fak;suIn suINav:at; vaKW
CaeRbgsaMg EdlbEnßmeTAelIGVIEdlcin )anQrBIeRkaynigpþl;karKaMRT cMeBaHRbeTskUer:xageCIgkñúgry³
eBlknøgmk . kareRbIR)as;\T§iBlrbs;xøÜn edIm,IbegáIn kMedAenAGasuIcinminGacxVHkarKaMRTBIRbeTsyYn
EdlCaemdwknaMRsemalénRbeTs bIenA\NÐÚcin)aneT NamYy neratþm sIhnu Edlcin)anciBa©wmTukCastV
kacmYy k,alCayUrmkehIy k¾)ak;cgáÚmcg;Gs;eTAehIy .

dUecñaHCMerIsrbs;cin KWRtÚvEtsakl,geFVIkic©karCamYyyYn b¤GacniyayfaRBmeFVICaGñkbMb:ncMNIeGaynaK
yYnkumµúynIsþ edIm,IplRbeyaCn_énGMNac niglT§irbs;cinkumµúynIsþ enAGasuI Tb;Tl;RbqaMgCamYyniglT§i
esrI rbs;GaemrikaMg . Etcin nigyYnminGaccab;édKñaedaycMhr)aneT eRBaHGaceFVIeGayxUcRbeyaCn_
esdækic©EdlxøÜnkMBugTTYl)anBIRkúmGñkvinieyaKGaemrikaMgdUcKña .

dUecñaHkm<úCa KwCaTItaMgGMeNayplbMputsRmab;eGaycin nigyYneRCIserIseFVICakEnøgBiesaFn_kargarrYmKña .
RbeTscin)anRBElg GtIt³naykrdæmnþIResom fak;suIn suINav:at eGaycab;édCamYynwg h‘un Esn nayk
rdæmRnþIGay:g rbs; yYnenAPñMeBjedIm,IeGaymnusSGay:gTaMgBIrnak;enH sakl,geFVIkic©karCamYyKñabeRmI
RbeyaCn_RbeTscin nigRbeTsyYn .

dUecñaHRtLb;mkvij Gñkneya)ayRbCaFibetyüExµr GñkCatiniym RBmTaMg RbCaBlrdæExµrGñkesñhaCati
minRtÚvcab;GamrmµN_ykbBaðaTMnas;Exµr-esom mkeFVICa eménbBaða ehIyePøcKitBIdMeNIrkarQøanBanrbs;
RbeTsyYn EdlQøanBan TwkdI ExµreT . RbeTsesomEdlCaRbeTsmYy énbegÁalesrIPaB enAGasuI eK)an
suICMerA BIbBaðaenHy:agc,as; dUecñaHehIyeTIbRbCaCatiesom nigGñkdwknaMesommYycMnYn suxcitþTTYlrgnUv
karGam:as;BIkareCrRbmafrbs;RbCaCatiesommYycMnYnEdlKaMRT elak fak;suIn suINav:at; EteKminxøacnwg
eFVIrdæRbharTmøak; fak;suIn suINav:at; BIGMNacnigminxøacnwgeRbIGMNacBlrdæbeNþjRkúmmnusürbs;Edl
esµaHRtg;Ca mYynigfak;suIn eGayxÞat;ecjBIGMNaceT .

b:uEnþvtþmanrbs; fak;suIn kñúgRbeTskm<úCa nigkarpþl;zan³eGay fak;suIn mantMENgeFVIkarCamYy h‘un Esn
KWCaeRKaHfñak;rbs;RbeTskm<úCa eRBaHfaRbeTscinnwgCYyeRCamERCgeGay fak;suIn dwknaMclnaesom
RkhmecjBIRbeTskm<úCaehIyeFVIkarvaybkeTAykGMNacenAkñúgRbeTsesomkñúgéf¶GNaKt . cMENk
RbeTsyYnk¾)anykelsenH rMkwlkgT½Brbs;xøÜnTaMgsuIvil nigTaMgeyaFa eRkamrUbPaBkgT½BGgÁr½kSrbs;
h‘un Esn EdlBak;pøakkgT½BExµr edIm,IcUleTAeGayekoknwgRBMRbTl;EdnExµr-esom bMNgbnþdMeNIrneya
)ayeq<aHeTATisxaglicnaeBlGnaKt .

cMENk h‘un Esn énbkSkumµúynIsþkm<úCa EdlmanbMNgkMeTcTItaMgQreCIgrbs;RkúmExµrGñkCatiniym enA
PaKxaglic CayUryaNas;mkehIyenaH k¾dl;eBlevlalµmnwgcat;karEdr . bgárTMnas;rvagRbeTsExµr
nigRbeTsesomeGaykøayeTACaTMnas;Catisasn_ KWCayuT§saRsþfµIehAfa begáItsRtÚveGaysRtÚvrbs;xøÜn. eRBaHeRcInCMnan;mkehIyEdlExµrGñkCatiniymykTwkdIesom nigRBMRbTl;Exµr-esom eFVICaCMrkrbs;Gñkts‘U .
cab;BIeBlenHeTARBMEdnExµrPaKxaglic KWRKb;RKgedaykgT½ByYn ehIyCnCatiesom pÞúHkMhwgxwgCamYy
Exµr dUecñaHRkúmExµrGñkRbqaMgrbb h‘un Esn KµandIsRmab;Can; nigKµanTItaMgPUmisaRsþsRmab;QreCIgeTot
eT .

cMENkRbeTsyYnnigRbeTscin )anTTYlply:agRkas;éRkBIkic©shkarenHedayyYnyk)an nigrkSa)an
nUvTwkdIEdlxøÜncg;)an ehIyRbeTsQreCIg)an nigrkSa)annUvlT§ikumµúynIsþ em:A esTug enAkñúgtMbn; . mü:ag
vijeTotRbeTsyYn nigcinGt;)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_esdækic© EdlTTYl)anBIGñkvinieyaKGaemrikaMgeT .

GñkEdlrgeRKaH ehIyQWcab; nig)at;bg;RbeTsenaH KWCnCatiExµr .¼