edaysarEtmanr)aMgénkic©RBmeRBogsnþiPaBTIRkug)a:rIs 23 tula 1991 nigmanelsénkare)aHeqñatEdl
erobcMeLIgdMbUgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCatienAqñaM1993enaHehIy eTIbeFVIeGayRbeTsyYnGacbMPan;EPñkGnþr
Cati faxøÜnElgmanCMBak;CMBinneya)aykñúgRbeTskm<úCa . EttamBit karERbkøayneya)ayGaNaniKmcMhr
mkCaGaNaniKmRsemal KWyYn)anseRmcTisedAénEpnkarelx b68 (B68) EdlCaEpnkaremrbs;Rkugha
NUy edIm,IdwknaMRbeTsbIenA\NÐÚcin .

EpnkaryYnUnIykmµenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa eK)ansÁal;RtwmEtEpnkar k1/ k2/ k3/ k4 nig k5 Etb:ueNÑaH k¾b:uEnþ
esÞIrEtKµanGñksikSaNamñak; b¤k¾manRbCaBlrdæExµrNamñak;sÁal; b¤k¾niyaydl;Epnkar b68 (B68) EdlyYn
)anerobcMedIm,IRtYtRta\NÐÚcin edayneya)ayRsemalenaHeT . Epnkar b68 (B68) KWCaKMeragEpnkarsm¶at;
Edldak;ecjedaysmaCikRkumGñkcat;taMgneya)ay énGgÁkarbkSkumµúynIsþ\NÐÚcin ehIyEdlTTYlbBa¢apÞal;
edayKN³cat;taMgneya)ayénGgÁkarbkS rbs;RbeTsnImYy²kñúg\NÐÚcin. enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCabkSRbCaCn
bdvtþin_km<úCa b¤bkSkumµúynIsþkm<úCa b¤k¾KNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa KWCaKNebskmµGcié®nþy_EdlTTYl nUvbTbBa¢a
edIm,IGnuvtþEpnkar b68 (B68) enH .

bkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_km<úCa b¤bkSkumµúynIskm<úCa b¤k¾KNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa KWmankUdsMKal;fa {K85 b¤ KN³85}.
K85 dwknaMedayKN³Gcié®nþy_ EdlmantYrnaTICasmaCikkariyal½yneya)ayrbs;bkS nigmansmaCikcMnYn
RtwmEt7nak;b:ueNÑaH EdlRtUvEtgtaMgedaypÞal;BIkariyal½yneya)aykNþalenARkughaNUyRbeTsyYn . Ca
erogral;qñaMenAeBlEdlKNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCaR)arB§Tivarbs;bkSsMxan;²dUcCa Tiva 02FñÚ b¤Tiva 07 mkra KWEtg
EteFVICacMhrenAkñúgmnÞIr K85 kñúgrdæFanIPñMeBj nigeFVICasm¶at;enATItaMgkñúgmUldæanRsukqøÚgnaextþRkecH .

mhaCnTUeTA ePJóvCatinigGnþrCati RBmTaMgGñksarBt’manGaccUlrYmkñúgTivaenHenAPñMeBj EtKµannNamñak;Gac
cUlrYmkñúgTivaenH)aneT enAkñúgmUldæanRsukqøÚgnaextþRkecHeRkABIsmaCikkariyal½yneya)ayrbs;bkSTaMg
7rUb. sUm,IEtGaCJaFrmUldæankñúgextþRkecH k¾minRtUv)anGnuBaØateGaysaksYrdwgB¤B½t’manGVIeRcInEdr eRkAGMBI
tYnaTICaGñkkarBarsnþisuxenACuMTIbIxageRkA .

kñúgEpnkarQøanBankm<úCa nigRbeTslav emdwknaMRkughaNUy )anerobcMEpnkaremcMnYnBIr edIm,Idak;CMnYsKña
eTAvijeTAmk kñúgkrNIEdlGnþrCati b¤k¾CnCatiedIm emIleXIjBIneya)aymhicätarbs;xøÜn .

EpnkarTImYy KWCaEpnkardak;GaNaniKmcMhrkñúgrUbPaBPatrPaBéncMNg mitþPaByUrGEgVgrvagRbeTsbI
enA\NÐÚcin EdlRbeTsyYnelIkykTisesøakRbCaPifutimkniyayfa {eyokNam lav km<úCa manRbvtþisamKÁI
Kña CaCnCatibIkñúg\NÐÚcin EdlmansRtÚvrYm Føab;TTYlrgnUvrbbGaNaniKmrYm nigFøab;rYmGavuFRbyuT§edIm,I
ÉkraCürYmKña} . tamkarbkRsayxøwmsarénTisesøakenH RkughaNUy )anBüayameFVIy:agNabeBaäHkMhwg
RbCaBlrdæExµr nigRbCaBlrdælav eGaybHe)arRbqaMgmhaGMNacesrI rYcehIyeFVIs®gÁamneya)ayedIm,IbeRmI
lT§ikumµúynIsþ EdldwknaMedayRbeTsyYn . edayGnuvtþEpnkarTImYy edIm,IQøanBanykdIExµreGayxagEt)an
enaH RkughaNUyminjejItnwgbgðajnUvkmøaMkgT½Brbs;xøÜnCacMhrmþgehIymþgeTotkñúgTwkdIExµrenaHeT . eBl
EdlRkughaNUy eRCamERCgbegáItbkSRbCaCnenAkñúgExkumÖ³ qñaM1951 elITwkdIExµredIm,IbnøMxøÜncUle)aHeqñat
deNþImGMNacCaelIkdMbUgenaH sUm,IEtlkçnþik³rbs;bkS k¾RtUvEtsresrCaPasayYnCamunsinEdr enHKWdUcKña
nwgrdæFmµnuBaØ énsaFarNrdæRbCamanitukm<úCa EdlRkughaNUy)anbBa¢aeGayyktamKMrUrdæFmµnuBaØyYnTaMgRsug
eBalKWmkERbrdæFmµnuBaØyYn BIPasayYnmkCaPasaExµr . kaleNaHbnÞab;BIyYnQøanBankm<úCa )anseRmcenA
éf¶TI 07 mkra 1979 ehIydak;bnþúbrdæaPi)alGay:genAPñMeBjenAéf¶TI10 mkra 1980 rs; sm½y smaCik
RkumRbwkSabkS )anerobcMeFVIBRgagrdæFmµnuBaØmYysRmab;Exµr b:uEnþRkughaNUy)anRcanecalnUvBRgagc,ab;
FmµnuBaØrbs; rs; sm½y ehIy)andak;eGayeRbIR)as;nUvrdæFmµnuBaØ EdlbkERbTaMgRsugBIrdæFmµnuBaØyYn enAéf¶TI
27 mifuna 1981 .

karbgðajkmøaMgkgT½Brbs;xøÜnd¾eRcInelIslub vayQøanBankm<úCa nigkardak;eGayeRbIR)as;nUvc,ab;TaMgLay
EdlerobcMedayRkughaNUy RBmTaMgkarBRgIknUv\T§iBlénlT§ikumµúynIsþ edIm,IvaTIQøanBan edaydak;GaNa
niKmcMhrelIRbeTskm<úCa taMgBIéf¶TI 07 mkra 1979 mkenaH KWCaskçIPaBEdl)anbgðajeGayGnþrCatiRtUv
Etdak;KMnabelIRbeTsyYn edIm,Ipþl;ÉkraCüeGayRbeTskm<úCa nigdkkgT½BxøÜnecjBIRbeTskm<úCa. enAkñúg
qñaM1979enaHEdr enAburIjÚvy:k RkumRbwkSasnþisuxrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati )anekaHRbCuMCaelIkdMbUg edayelIk
ykbBaðavtþmanénkgT½BevokNamEdlkMBugQøanBankm<úCa . Etkic©RbCuMenHRtÚvbraC½yedaysarminmankar
RBmeRBógrvagsmaCikGcié®nþy_TaMgR)aM énRkumRbwkSasnþisuxKW cin )araMg sUevot Gg;eKøs nig GaemrikaMg k¾b:uEnþ
eTaHy:agNaenAExvicäika 1979 snñi)ateBjGgÁénGgÁkarshRbCaCatiRbeTscMnYn108 )ane)aHeqñatKaMRT
seRmcdMeNaHRsaymYyedaybgçMeGayRbeTsyYndkkgkmøaMgrbs;xøÜnecjBIRbeTskm<úCa .

etIRbeTsyYneKarBesckþIseRmcrbs;RbeTsCasmaCikTaMg108 énGgÁkarshRbCaCatieT ?

karBitKWRbeTsyYn)anbdiesFecalnUvesckþIeRsccitþrbs;GgÁmhasnñi)aténGgÁkarshRbCaCati Edlman
RbeTscMnYn108 KaMRT nig)andak;sm<aFbgçMeGayRbeTsyYndkkgT½BecjBIRbeTskm<úCa . eqøIytbeTAvij
RbeTsyYn)an)aneqøIyfa {bBaðakm<úCa} KWminGacbBa©b; b¤dkkgT½BevokNamecjedaysarEtesckþIseRmc
rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatimYyenHeT . ehIyenATIRkugPñMeBjExmkra qñaM1980 yYn)andwknaMsnñisITrdæm®nþI
karbreTs\NÐÚcinelIkdMbUg edayeFVIesckþIEføgkarN_fa {karbnþvtþmanrbs;kgT½ByYnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa
nigenAkñúgRbeTslav KWCabBaðaépÞkñúgnigCaÉkraCüPaBrbs;RbeTsCasmaCik\NÐÚcin EdlminRtÚvkarnUvkar
GnþraKmn_NamYyCaBiesseLIy } .

esckþIRbkasrbs;snñisITrdæm®nþIkarbreTs\NÐÚcin EdldwknaMedayRbeTsyYn )aneFVIeGaymanRbtikmµBIRkum
RbeTsGas‘an ehIyeBlenaHRbeTsCb:un k¾)anRbkasKaMRTeKalCMhr énRbeTsGas‘an eday)anesñIsuM[
GgÁkarshRbCaCatierobcMsnñisITGnþrCatimYysþIBIkm<úCa . shKmn_Gas‘an)anbBa¢ÚnrdæmRnþIkarbreTs
m:aeLsuI EdlCatMNagGas‘an eTAcrcarCamYyRkughaNUy b:uEnþRkughaNUyenAEtrwgt¥wg ehIyTTYlkñúg
zan³RtwmEtrdæm®nþIkarbreTsm:aeLsuIb:ueNÑaH KWminTTYlkñúgnamCatMNagRbeTsGas‘aneT.

edaymanRbeTsGtIt³shPaBsUevotenABIeRkay ehIyEdlsUevotmanzan³CaRbeTssmaCikGcié®nþ én
RkumRbwkSasnþisuxrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatipgenaH )aneFVIeGayRbeTsyYnminjejItnigeFVIGMeBIepÁIn elI
esckþIseRmcTaMgLayrbs;GgÁkarGnþrCatieT . b:uEnþbnÞab;BIrbbneya)aykumµuúynIsþrbs;RbeTsGtIt³
shPaBsUevotEdldwknaMedayRbFanaFibtI ehÁa)aqus )andYlrlMedaysarEtcaj;s®gÁamRtCak;rbs;
RbFanaFibtIGaemrik r:UNal; er:ehÁn eTIbRbeTsyYnRBmbnÞn;\riyabT ehIyyl;RBmebIkpøÜveGayGñktMNag
rdæaPi)alGay:grbs;xøÜnenAPñMeBjcrcarCamYynwgtMNagPaKICMelaHExµr ehIyTTUlykGnþraKmn_BIsh
Kmn_GnþrCati .

enHCakal³eTs³EdlRbeTsyYnRtUveFVIkarbt;EbnvileTArkEpnkarN_TIBIrrbs;xøÜnedIm,IrkSaGMNackñúg\NÐÚcin .

EpnkarTIBIr KWRtUvdkecjnUvrbbGaNaniKmcMhr ehIyRtUvdak;CMnYsmkvijnUvrbbGaNaniKmRsemal enaHKW
CaEpnkar b68 (B68) . ry³eBlcMnYn10qñaM nig3Ex EdlyYndak;kgT½BkñúgRbeTskm<úCa k¾smlµmnwg
GaceFVIeGayRkughaNUy eFVIsmahrNkmµkmøaMgkgT½ByYnmYycMnYn eTAkñúgkmøaMgsuIvilkñúgRbeTskm<úCa .
enHCaneya)ayEdlRkughaNUy)anR)ab;eTARkugm:UsÁÚ kñúgqñaM1989 fa kgT½ByYnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa RtUv
kardUrsemøókbMBak;CacaM)ac; .

RbeTsyYn)anraykarN_R)ab;shKmn_GnþrCatifa kgT½Brbs;xøÜnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa mancMnYn 50/000
¬R)aMmuWn¦nak; k¾b:uEnþTIPñak;garGaemrik)anpþl;r)aykarN_fa kgT½ByYnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa mancMnYnrhUtdl;
eTA 70/000 ¬R)aMBIrmuWn¦ nak; . kñúgeBlEdlshKmn_GnþrCati RtÚvkarRtÜtBinitüedaypÞal;BIkardkkgT½B
yYnecjBIRbeTskm<úCa RkughaNUyEbrCaeFVIkic©karenHedayxøÜnÉg ehIy)anbgçMeGayrdæaPi)alGay:grbs;
xøÜnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa nigkñúgRbeTslav eFVIesckþIEføgkarN_rYmmYyKWkm<úCa nig lav rkSasiT§ikñúgkaresñIsuM
CMnYykmøaMgeyaFaBIRbeTsyYn edIm,IGnþraKmn_naeBlGnaKt . dUecñHkñúgn½yenH RbeTsyYnminmansman
citþdkkarQøanBanrbs;xøÜnecjBIRbeTskm<úCaeT ehIyEfmTaMgbgçMeGaykm<úCa TTYlyknUvlkçxNÐCaeRcIn
edIm,IbnSl;TuknUvkgkmøaMgrbs;xøÜnelITwkdIkm<úCaeRkamrUbPaBCaCnsuIvil .

dUcenHehIy)anCaerogral;qñaM karerobcMsnñi)atbkSkuMmuynIs\NÐÚcinEdleFVIenAkñúgRbeTsyYn nigEdlrMlwk
Epnkar b68 (B68) EdlerobcMeday K85 enAkñúgmUldæan énRsukqøÜg kñúgextþRkecHKWmansar³sMxan;caM)ac
;bMputsRmab;RkumsmaCikkariyal½yneya)ay énbkSkumµúynIsþkm<úCa b¤KNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa edIm,ITTYl
EpnkarfµI BIRkughaNUy nigeFVIesckþIraykarN_CUnRkughaNUy .

mkdl;éf¶enH Epnkar b68 (B68) )anseRmcCasßaBr kñúgdMeNIrkarQøanBankm<úCa niglav .

dUecñaHedayminviPaKBIkarseRmcEpnkar b68 (B68) RbeTslav EteFVIkarGtßaFib,ayRtÜs²BIskmµPaB
nigEsVgyl;BIneya)ayrbs;rdæaPi)alGay:gyYnenAPñMeBj EdlkMBugkan;GMNacenaH eyIg)aneXIjy:ag
c,as;fa {rdæaPi)alPñMeBjminEmnCardæaPi)alExµr ebIeTaHCamankare)aHeqñat b¤eKykkare)aHeqñatmkelg
b®gÁb;kic©eGayRbCaBlrdæExµr nigGñkneya)ayExµr mYycMnYncUlrYmelgCamYyk¾eday }. rdæaPi)alEdl
manrUbragEtsßiteRkambnÞat;neya)ayRsemalrbs;RkughaNUy)anbgðajBIrUbragBitrbs;xøÜnmþgmáaldUcCa
1¦ karbgçMcab;pSwkRBHsgÄExµr ehIycab;bBa¢ÚneTAdak;KukenAhaNUy 2¦ karbgçMeGayKNbBa¢akareyaFa
RKb;extþRkug RtUvcUlxøÜnmkraykarN_CUnsßankugs‘ulyYnRbcaMextþRkúgnImYy² GMBIsPaBkarsnþisux nigclna
RbCaBlrdæExµr kñúgtMbn; 3¦ karRKb;RKgRbB½n§FnaKakNþalrbs;RbeTskm<úCa elIdMeNIrkarcracrN_epÞrmUl
Tanb½RtGnþrCati EdlRtUvRtYtBinitüedayFnaKakNþalénRbeTsyYn 4¦ karkMNt;fvikakñúgKNenyüGcié®nþy_
énFnaKakNþalrbs;km<úCa RtwmEtcMnYn 400 ¬bYnry¦ landuløaCaRbcaMkñúgmYyqñaM 5¦ karbBa¢ÚnGñkÉkeTs
eyaFa nigcM)aMgrbs;yYn eTARbcaMkarRtYtBinitükñúgtMbn;Rbtibtþikarswk enAkñúgextþRBHvihar 6¦ karerobcMTTYl
bdisNæarkic©GKÁelxaFikarbkSkuMmuynIsyYn kñúgTwkdIkm<úCa edaydak;Tg;CatiyYnenAxagsþaMnigdak;GkSryYn
enAxagelIGkSrExµr nig 7¦ karbþwgGñktMNagraRsþ sm rgSúI tambBa¢anaykrdæm®nþIyYn kñúgkrNIdkbegÁal
RBMEdn .

srubelIRKb;cMNuc nigskmµPaBTaMgGs;enHRbCaBlrdæExµrTaMgGs;EdlkMBugrs;enAkñúgRbeTskþI nigkMBugrs;enA
eRkARbeTskþI mincaM)ac;q¶l;fa {ehtuGVIk¾rdæaPi)alPñMeBjminbeRmI nigminkarBarplRbeyaCn_ExµrenaHeT } Et
RtUvTTYlsÁal;fa {rdæaPi)alGay:gyYnenARkugPñMeBj KWkMBugbeRmIneya)ayGaNaniKmRsemalrbs;Rkugha
NUy edIm,Ismøab;Exµr nigQøanBanExµr } .¼